发电机是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的机械设备，它由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其他动力机械驱动，将水流，气流，燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机，再由发电机转换为电能。

The generator is a mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It is driven by a water turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other power machinery, and converts the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion or atomic Nuclear fission into mechanical energy and then transfers it to the generator, which converts it into electrical energy.

发电机的工作原理：

The working principle of the generator:

本文讲解的是运用更广泛的轻柴油发动机。

This article explains the most widely used light diesel engine.

柴油发电机组中的柴油机是动力的输出部分，以柴油为燃料，靠气缸中被压缩后形成的高温高压空气使喷入的雾状柴油燃烧膨胀而做功，把热能转变为机械能。

The diesel engine in the diesel generator set is the output part of power. It uses diesel as fuel, and works by burning and expanding the atomized diesel fuel injected by the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed in the cylinder to convert heat energy into mechanical energy.

它通过进气、压缩、做功、排气四个过程完成一个工作循环，又称为四冲程发动机。

It completes a working cycle through four processes: intake, compression, power generation, and exhaust, also known as a four stroke engine.

为了降低零件温度，机体内布满水道，由水泵推动水冷却机组，称为水冷式机组.

In order to reduce the temperature of the parts, the body is filled with water channels, and the water cooling unit is driven by a water pump, which is called a water-cooled unit

小功率发动机也有采用空气对发动机进行冷却，称为风冷机组（例如：DEUTZ1011/912两个系列、常见的摩托车发动机）。

Small power engines also use air to cool the engine, known as air-cooled units (such as two series of DEUTZ1011/912, commonly used motorcycle engines).

目前我国热力发电厂的发电机皆采用二极、转速为3000r/m的卧式结构,发电机更基本的组成部件是定子和转子。

At present, the generators in thermal power plants in China adopt a horizontal structure with two poles and a speed of 3000r/m. The most basic components of the generator are the stator and rotor.

1-发电机主体；2-主励磁机；3-永磁副励磁机；4-气体冷却器；5-励磁机轴承；6-碳刷架隔音罩；7-电机端盖；8-连接汽轮机背靠轮；9-电机接线盒；10-电路互感器；11-引出线；12测温引线盒；13-基座

1- Generator body; 2- Main exciter; 3- Permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; 4- Gas cooler; 5- Exciter bearing; 6-Carbon brush holder soundproof cover; 7- Motor end cover; 8- Connect the turbine back wheel; 9- Motor junction box; 10- Circuit transformer; 11- Outgoing line; 12 temperature measurement lead box; 13- Base

柴油发电机组由柴油发动机、交流发电机、控制系统及各种辅助部件组成，是将机械能转化为电能，通过电缆将电能提供给用户的设备。

Diesel generator set is composed of diesel engine, alternator, control system and various auxiliary components. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and provides electrical energy to users through cables.

通常做为备用或主用电源，具有机动灵活、使用方便、随时供电、维护简单的特点。

Usually used as a backup or main power source, it has the characteristics of flexibility, convenient use, power supply at any time, and simple maintenance.

按使用柴油的不同可以分为：轻柴机组、重油机组；

According to the different types of diesel used, it can be divided into: light diesel units and heavy oil units;

按转速的不同可分为：高速机组、中速机组、慢速机组；

According to different speeds, it can be divided into: high-speed units, medium speed units, and slow speed units;

按用途不同可分为：陆用机组、船用机组；

According to different purposes, it can be divided into land use units and marine use units;

按使用发电时间不同可分为：备用机组、长行机组；

According to the different usage time of power generation, it can be divided into standby units and long-distance units;

按照使用特点分：拖车式机组、静音型机组、防雨型机组、常规机组。

According to their usage characteristics, they are divided into trailer type units, silent type units, rainproof type units, and conventional units.