In order for the four strokes to work properly, the action of the valve and fuel injection nozzle must be directly related to each of the four strokes of the piston. The intake valve, exhaust valve and fuel injection nozzle are pushed by the cam through the cam follower boom or tappet, vertebral rod, rocker arm and valve crosshead. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft. In this way, the rotation of the crankshaft controls the action of the camshaft, and the camshaft controls the opening and closing sequence of the valves and the injection time (fuel supply).

进气冲程

Intake stroke

在进气冲程的终了，进气门关闭，活塞开始上行而进入压缩冲程。此时排气门仍然保持关闭。在压缩冲程的终了，燃烧室内的空气由压缩冲程开始时所占的容积，被活塞压缩到一个很小的容积（根据发动机型号不同，其压缩容积约为原来容积的1/14~1/16）。因此，压缩比即为燃烧室内空气量压缩前和压缩后体积之

At the end of the intake stroke, the intake valve closes and the piston begins to go up and enter the compression stroke. The exhaust valve remains closed at this time. At the end of the compression stroke, the air in the combustion chamber is compressed to a very small volume by the piston from the volume occupied at the beginning of the compression stroke (the compression volume is about 1 / 14 ~ 1 / 16 of the original volume according to the engine model). Therefore, the compression ratio is the sum of the volume of air in the combustion chamber before and after compression

空气被压缩到一个很小的空间后，使得空气的温度提高到足以使燃油着火。在压缩冲程末期，以及作功冲程的开始阶段，一小部分定量的燃油被喷入燃烧室。燃油被喷入燃烧室后，几乎立即被其中的热压缩空气所点燃。

After the air is compressed into a small space, the temperature of the air is raised enough to ignite the fuel. At the end of the compression stroke and at the beginning of the power stroke, a small amount of fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. After the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, it is almost immediately ignited by the hot compressed air in it.

做功冲程

power stroke 

在做功冲程开始时，燃烧并膨胀着的气体推动活塞向下运转；进、排气门全部关闭。由于更多的燃油喷入汽缸并燃烧，气体温度更高而更加膨胀，进一步推动活塞向下运动，这样便增加曲轴旋转的驱动力。

At the beginning of the power stroke, the burning and expanding gas pushes the piston downward; All inlet and exhaust valves are closed. As more fuel is injected into the cylinder and burned, the gas temperature is higher and expands, further pushing the piston downward, which increases the driving force of crankshaft rotation.

排气冲程

Exhaust stroke

在排气冲程中，进气门关闭，排气门打开，活塞向上运动。上行的活塞迫使燃烧室中燃烧过的废气通过打开的排气口排到排气歧管中。发动机的正常运转取决于两点。一首先是是压缩以供点火；其次是将适量的燃油在适当的时间喷入气缸。

During the exhaust stroke, the intake valve closes, the exhaust valve opens and the piston moves upward. The upward piston forces the burned exhaust gas in the combustion chamber to exhaust into the exhaust manifold through the open exhaust port. The normal operation of the engine depends on two points. First, compression for ignition; The second is to inject an appropriate amount of fuel into the cylinder at an appropriate time.

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