发电机组曲轴轴颈上的轴向裂纹很细，也较浅，但裂纹条数很多。沼气发电机组厂家认为，产生这种裂纹的原因是曲轴在缺油状态下工作。对于带有轴向裂纹的曲轴，如裂纹轻微，可进行抛光处理后继续使用；如裂纹严重，须进行等级磨削。

The axial cracks on the crankshaft journal of the generator set are very thin and shallow, but there are many cracks. The biogas generator unit manufacturer believes that the reason for this crack is that the crankshaft works under the condition of oil shortage. For the crankshaft with axial crack, if the crack is slight, it can be used after polishing; If the crack is serious, grade grinding must be carried out.

这种裂纹，特别是轴颈过渡圆角处的裂纹，与曲轴的支承阶梯度超差有密切关系。曲轴的支承阶梯度是支承各主轴颈的轴瓦内圆表面的同轴度及曲轴各主轴颈的同轴度综合积累的差值，它大大地影响着曲轴颈圆根处的应力，因此须严格控制同轴度。

This kind of crack, especially the crack at the transition fillet of the journal, is closely related to the out-of-tolerance of the support ladder of the crankshaft. The bearing ladder of the crankshaft is the difference between the coaxiality of the inner surface of the bearing bush supporting each main journal and the coaxiality of each main journal of the crankshaft. It greatly affects the stress at the root of the crankshaft journal, so the coaxiality must be strictly controlled.

预防这种裂纹产生的办法是不要让曲轴在油压不足的情况下工作。轴颈上其他形式裂纹及其轴颈过渡圆角处的裂纹(可用着色探伤法确定)，轻微者可磨削处理，如经等级磨削修理仍无法消除，应作报废处理。

The way to prevent such cracks is not to let the crankshaft work under insufficient oil pressure. Other forms of cracks on the journal and the cracks at the transition fillet of the journal (determined by the dye flaw detection method) can be ground if they are slight. If they cannot be eliminated after grade grinding and repair, they should be scrapped.

实际上曲轴的疲劳裂纹多发生于轴颈与曲柄臂相连的过渡圆角处以及轴颈中间油孔处。前一种裂纹为横向裂纹，是曲轴断裂的先兆，即从出现微细裂纹，逐渐延伸，后在特定条件下发生断裂，后一种裂纹为纵向裂纹，由油孔处往轴向展开。

In fact, the fatigue cracks of the crankshaft mostly occur at the transition fillet between the journal and the crank arm and at the oil hole in the middle of the journal. The former crack is a transverse crack, which is the precursor of crankshaft fracture, that is, from the appearance of micro-cracks to the gradual extension, and then to the fracture under specific conditions. The latter crack is a longitudinal crack, which extends from the oil hole to the axial direction.

曲轴裂纹微细，用肉眼不易看出，可用磁力探伤仪进行检查。在条件不具备的情况下，简易的检查方法是浸油锤击法：先将曲轴浸入煤油中片刻，取出擦净后，撒上白粉，然后用手锤分段在曲轴臂 _上敲击，由于震动，裂纹内的煤油渗出，使白粉显出油迹呈现黄色线痕，据此即可判定裂纹位置和长度。

The cracks on the crankshaft are very fine and can not be easily seen with the naked eye. Magnetic flaw detector can be used for inspection. If the conditions are not met, the simple inspection method is immersion hammering: first immerse the crankshaft in kerosene for a moment, take it out and wipe it clean, sprinkle white powder, and then use a hammer to segment the crankshaft arm_ The kerosene in the crack seeps out due to the vibration of the upper percussion, making the white powder show oil stains and yellow line marks, which can be used to determine the crack position and length.

轴颈有横向裂纹的曲轴，不宜继续使用，但是，横向裂纹细小，经磨削后在修理尺寸范围内能消除的，尚可使用，否则，必须予以更换，轴颈有纵向裂纹，也应磨削消除，在磨削条件不具备的情况下曲轴继续使用的原则是：裂纹未过两端圆角处或油孔边缘处时，尚可继续使用，但不可在超负荷下工作，不能猛轰油门，并在使用中加强检查，以防裂纹延伸而折断。

The crankshaft with transverse cracks in the journal is not suitable for further use. However, if the transverse cracks are small and can be eliminated within the repair size after grinding, they can still be used. Otherwise, they must be replaced. If the journal has longitudinal cracks, they should also be eliminated by grinding. The principle for the crankshaft to continue to be used under the condition that the grinding conditions are not available is: the crankshaft can still be used when the cracks have not passed the fillet at both ends or the edge of the oil hole, but it cannot work under overload, Do not bang the accelerator, and strengthen the inspection during use to prevent the crack from extending and breaking.

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