驱动沼气发电机组发电的过程有哪些?
沼气发电技术是集环保和节能于一体的能源综合利用新技术,它是利用工业、农业或城镇生活中的大量有机废弃物(例如酒糟液、禽畜粪、城市垃圾、餐厨垃圾和各类工业有机污水等),经厌氧发酵处理产生的沼气,驱动沼气发电机组发电,并可充分将发电机组的余热用于沼气生产。
Biogas power generation technology is a new energy comprehensive utilization technology that integrates environmental protection and energy conservation. It utilizes a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture, or urban life (such as distiller's grains, livestock manure, urban garbage, kitchen waste, and various industrial organic wastewater), and produces biogas through anaerobic fermentation treatment to drive the biogas generator unit to generate electricity, and can fully utilize the waste heat of the generator unit for biogas production.
沼气发电热电联产项目的热效率,视发电设备的不同而有较大的区别,如使用燃气内燃机,其热效率为70%~75%之间,而如使用燃气透平和余热锅炉,在补燃的情况下,热效率可以达到90%以上。
The thermal efficiency of biogas cogeneration projects varies greatly depending on the type of power generation equipment used. For example, if a gas internal combustion engine is used, its thermal efficiency ranges from 70% to 75%. However, if a gas turbine and waste heat boiler are used, the thermal efficiency can reach over 90% with supplementary combustion.
沼气发电技术本身提供的是清洁能源,不仅解决了沼气工程中的环境问题、消耗了大量废弃物、保护了环境、减少了温室气体的排放,而且变废为宝,产生了大量的热能和电能,符合能源再循环利用的环保理念,同时也带来巨大的经济效益:
The biogas power generation technology itself provides clean energy, which not only solves environmental problems in biogas engineering, consumes a large amount of waste, protects the environment, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also turns waste into treasure, generating a large amount of heat and electricity, in line with the environmental protection concept of energy recycling and utilization, and also brings huge economic benefits:
1、受环境限制小。沼气发电机组的规模比较小,对场地的要求不高,只要有沼气产生的地方基本上都可以进行发电。不像水电一定建立在水力资源丰富的地方,而且还要考虑电站对周围生 态环境的影响;太阳能发电要建在日照时间长且比较偏僻的地方,因为太阳能发电要占用大量的土地,一定考虑项目的经济性。
1. Limited by the environment. The scale of biogas generators is relatively small, and the requirements for the site are not high. As long as there is a place where biogas is generated, it can basically generate electricity. Unlike hydropower, which is always built in areas with abundant hydraulic resources, and also takes into account the impact of power stations on the surrounding ecological environment; Solar power generation should be built in remote areas with long sunshine hours, as it requires a large amount of land and must consider the economic viability of the project.
2、可再生,污染少。用沼气进行发电,不用担心会有枯竭的。据统计,至2002年底世界剩余石油探明储量为1407.04亿吨。根据世界已探明的化石能源储量推算,石油还可使用40~50年,天然气还可使用60~70年,煤炭则能维持225年左右。可见,说明化石能源离我们而去的日子已不远。而以沼气为代表的生物质能源的寿命几乎是无限的,只要太阳存在,沼气也将存在。
2. Renewable, with less pollution. Using biogas for power generation, there is no need to worry about depletion. According to statistics, by the end of 2002, the world's remaining proven oil reserves were 140.704 billion tons. According to the world's proven fossil energy reserves, oil can be used for another 40-50 years, natural gas can be used for another 60-70 years, and coal can last for about 225 years. It can be seen that the days when fossil fuels are gone are not far away. The lifespan of biomass energy represented by biogas is almost infinite, as long as the sun exists, biogas will also exist.
3、原料来源广泛。沼气发电机组的主要燃烧成分是甲烷,由甲烷产生菌厌氧消化有机物产生。所以只要有机物存在的地方,再配以适合的环境条件,就会有甲烷的生成。例如人畜的粪便、有机工业废水、垃圾填埋场、农作物秸秆、餐厨垃圾等都可用做沼气产生的原材料。今后随着畜禽养殖业和工业企业的发展,沼气的生产量还会增加.
3. The source of raw materials is extensive. The main combustion component of biogas generators is methane, which is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter by methane producing bacteria. So as long as organic matter is present and suitable environmental conditions are in place, methane will be generated. For example, human and animal manure, organic industrial wastewater, landfills, crop straw, kitchen waste, etc. can all be used as raw materials for biogas production. In the future, with the development of animal husbandry and industrial enterprises, the production of biogas will continue to increase
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